đ English to Bangla Course
Lesson: Academic Vocabulary (IELTS/TOEFL Style)
Purpose: Improve reading, writing, and speaking for academic exams.
âĄī¸ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžā§: āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻžāϰā§āĻĨā§āĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āϰāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ, āϰāĻžāĻāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻ āϏā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻāĻŋāĻ āĻāύā§āύāϤ āĻāϰāĻžāϰ āĻāύā§āϝāĨ¤
1. What is Academic Vocabulary?
đ Academic Vocabulary refers to words and phrases commonly used in formal writing and exams.
âĄī¸ āĻŦāĻžāĻāϞāĻžā§: āĻāĻāĻžāĻĄā§āĻŽāĻŋāĻ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāĻāĻžāĻŖā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻšāϞ⧠āϏāϰāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋ, āĻļāĻŋāĻā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§āϞāĻ āϞā§āĻāĻž-āĻļā§āϞā§āϤ⧠āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻ āĻŦāĻžāĻā§āϝāĻžāĻāĻļāĨ¤
Example:
- Simple: The study showsâĻ
- Academic: The study demonstratesâĻ
âĄī¸ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰāĻā§âĻ
2. Common Academic Vocabulary Categories
a) Verbs (Action words used in academic writing)
| English | Bangla | Example Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| Analyze | āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰāĻž | The researcher analyzed the data carefully. āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻ āϏāϤāϰā§āĻāĻāĻžāĻŦā§ āĻĄā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤ |
| Assess | āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž | The study assesses the impact of climate change. āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāϞāĻŦāĻžā§ā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦ āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ |
| Evaluate | āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ āĻāϰāĻž/āĻĒāϰā§āϝāĻžāϞā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž | We need to evaluate the effectiveness of this method. āĻāĻŽāĻžāĻĻā§āϰ āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻŽā§āϞā§āϝāĻžā§āύ āĻāϰāϤ⧠āĻšāĻŦā§āĨ¤ |
| Demonstrate | āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰāĻž | The experiment demonstrates a clear trend. āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āϧāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāϰā§āĻļāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ |
| Investigate | āĻ āύā§āϏāύā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰāĻž | Scientists investigate new ways to reduce pollution. āĻŦāĻŋāĻā§āĻāĻžāύā§āϰāĻž āĻĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŽāĻžāύā§āϰ āύāϤā§āύ āĻāĻĒāĻžā§ āĻ āύā§āϏāύā§āϧāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āύāĨ¤ |
b) Nouns (Important concepts in academic writing)
| English | Bangla | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Hypothesis | āĻ āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύ/āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž | The hypothesis was tested in the lab. āϞā§āϝāĻžāĻŦā§ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻĒāϰā§āĻā§āώāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϞā§āĨ¤ |
| Conclusion | āĻāĻĒāϏāĻāĻšāĻžāϰ | The study reached a clear conclusion. āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāϏāĻāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Evidence | āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ | There is strong evidence supporting the claim. āĻāĻ āĻĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻā§ āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ āĻāϰ⧠āĻļāĻā§āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Factor | āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ/āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻā§āĻāϰ | Multiple factors affect climate change. āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϞāĻŦāĻžā§ā§ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāϰā§āϤāύāĻā§ āĻĒā§āϰāĻāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ |
| Method | āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ | The method used in this study is reliable. āĻāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžā§ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§āϤ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āύāĻŋāϰā§āĻāϰāϝā§āĻā§āϝāĨ¤ |
c) Adjectives (Describe clearly & academically)
| English | Bangla | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Significant | āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ | There was a significant increase in temperature. āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰāĻžā§ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Relevant | āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ | Only relevant data was considered. āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Potential | āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ | This solution has potential benefits. āĻāĻ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύāĻāĻŋ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ |
| Substantial | āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰ/āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖ | A substantial amount of research has been done. āĻĒā§āϰāĻā§āϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖā§ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Effective | āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ | This strategy is highly effective. āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻļāϞāĻāĻŋ āĻ āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰāĨ¤ |
d) Linking Words / Phrases
| English | Bangla | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Furthermore | āϤāĻĻā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋ | Furthermore, the results support the hypothesis. āϤāĻĻā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋ, āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞāĻā§āϞāĻŋ āĻ āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻā§ āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤ |
| However | āϤāĻŦā§ | However, some limitations exist. āϤāĻŦā§, āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻāĻā§āĨ¤ |
| Therefore | āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ | Therefore, we recommend further research. āĻ āϤāĻāĻŦ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻŋāĨ¤ |
| In contrast | āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤ⧠| In contrast, urban areas show higher pollution. āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāϰā§āϤā§, āĻļāĻšā§āϰ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ āĻĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻĻā§āĻāĻž āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
| As a result | āĻĢāϞāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ | As a result, efficiency improved. āĻĢāϞāϏā§āĻŦāϰā§āĻĒ, āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤāĻž āĻāύā§āύāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤ |
3. Examples in Sentences (Bangla + English)
- āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻāϰāĻž āĻĄā§āĻāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞā§āώāĻŖ āĻāϰā§āĻā§āύ āĻāĻŦāĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āϏā§āĻĒāώā§āĻ āĻāĻĒāϏāĻāĻšāĻžāϰ⧠āĻĒā§āĻāĻā§āĻā§āύāĨ¤
đ The researchers analyzed the data and reached a clear conclusion. - āĻāĻ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰ āĻāĻŦāĻ āϏāĻŽā§āĻāĻžāĻŦā§āϝ āϏā§āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
đ This method is effective and has potential benefits. - āĻļāĻšā§āϰ⧠āĻāϞāĻžāĻāĻžā§ āĻĻā§āώāĻŖ āĻŦā§āĻļāĻŋ, āϤāĻĻā§āĻĒāϰāĻŋ āĻāύāϏāĻāĻā§āϝāĻž āĻŦā§ā§ā§ āĻā§āĻā§āĨ¤
đ Pollution is higher in urban areas; furthermore, the population has increased. - āĻāĻŋāĻā§ āϏā§āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻž āĻāĻā§, āϤāĻŦā§ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻāĻāύāĻ āĻā§āϰā§āϤā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰā§āĻŖāĨ¤
đ Some limitations exist; however, the results are still significant.
4. Practice (Translate)
- āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻžāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āύā§āĻŽāĻžāύāĻā§ āϏāĻŽāϰā§āĻĨāύ āĻāϰā§āĨ¤
đ The study supports the hypothesis. - āĻļā§āϧā§āĻŽāĻžāϤā§āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāϏāĻā§āĻāĻŋāĻ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦā§āĻāύāĻž āĻāϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧā§āĻā§āĨ¤
đ Only relevant data was considered. - āĻāĻ āĻā§āĻļāϞāĻāĻŋ āĻ
āϤā§āϝāύā§āϤ āĻāĻžāϰā§āϝāĻāϰāĨ¤
đ This strategy is highly effective. - āĻ
āϤāĻāĻŦ, āĻāĻŽāϰāĻž āĻāϰāĻ āĻāĻŦā§āώāĻŖāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϏā§āϤāĻžāĻŦ āĻāϰāĻŋāĨ¤
đ Therefore, we recommend further research.
