Intermediate English Course: Conditional Sentences (If Clauses)
Lesson Objectives (ক্লাসের লক্ষ্য)
- Conditional Sentences কী এবং এর ধরন বোঝা।
- Real, Unreal এবং Mixed Conditionals ব্যবহার করা শেখা।
- দৈনন্দিন জীবন ও ভবিষ্যৎ পরিস্থিতি নিয়ে বাক্য তৈরি করা অনুশীলন করা।
1. Conditional Sentences এর ধরন
| Type | Structure | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional (General truth) | If + Present Simple, Present Simple | If you heat water, it boils. | যদি তুমি জল গরম করো, এটি ফুটে। |
| First Conditional (Real future possibility) | If + Present Simple, will + Verb | If it rains, I will stay at home. | যদি বৃষ্টি হয়, আমি ঘরে থাকব। |
| Second Conditional (Unreal / hypothetical present/future) | If + Past Simple, would + Verb | If I were rich, I would buy a car. | যদি আমি ধনী হতাম, আমি একটি গাড়ি কিনতাম। |
| Third Conditional (Unreal past) | If + Past Perfect, would have + Past Participle | If I had studied, I would have passed the exam. | যদি আমি পড়াশোনা করতাম, আমি পরীক্ষায় উত্তীর্ণ হতাম। |
2. Special Notes
- ‘If I were’:
- Formal / hypothetical situations → If I were not If I was
- Example: If I were you, I would apologize.
- তুমি যদি আমার স্থানে থাকলে, তুমি ক্ষমা চাইতে পারলে।
- Omitting ‘if’ in some inversion forms (formal English):
- Had I studied harder, I would have passed.
- যদি আমি কঠোরভাবে পড়াশোনা করতাম, আমি উত্তীর্ণ হতাম।
- Unless = if … not
- Unless you study, you will fail. → If you don’t study, you will fail.
- তুমি যদি পড়াশোনা না করো, তুমি ফেল করবে।
3. Examples in Daily Life
| Type | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Zero | If you mix red and blue, you get purple. | যদি তুমি লাল ও নীল মেশাও, তুমি বেগুনি পাবে। |
| First | If she comes tomorrow, we will go to the park. | যদি সে আগামীকাল আসে, আমরা পার্কে যাব। |
| Second | If I had a bike, I would ride to school. | যদি আমার একটি সাইকেল থাকত, আমি স্কুলে চড়তাম। |
| Third | If they had left earlier, they would have caught the train. | তারা যদি আগেই বের হতো, তারা ট্রেন ধরতে পারত। |
4. Practice Sentences (চর্চার বাক্য)
- Zero: If you touch fire, it burns.
- First: If I see him, I will tell him the truth.
- Second: If I knew her number, I would call her.
- Third: If I had woken up earlier, I would have caught the bus.
5. Exercise (চর্চা)
- Complete the sentences:
- If it ___ (rain) tomorrow, we ___ (stay) at home.
- If I ___ (be) rich, I ___ (buy) a big house.
- If she ___ (study) hard, she ___ (pass) the exam.
- If he ___ (come) on time, we ___ (not / miss) the bus.
- Convert these sentences into conditional:
- I don’t have money. I cannot buy a car. → First Conditional
- I didn’t study. I failed the exam. → Third Conditional
- I am hungry. I eat some food. → Zero Conditional
- Translate into Bangla:
- “If I were you, I would take a rest.”
- “If it snows, we will go skiing.”
- “If he had listened, he would have known the truth.”