Paraphrasing & Summarizing (প্যারাফ্রেজিং ও সারাংশ লেখা)
1. Purpose (উদ্দেশ্য)
Paraphrasing (প্যারাফ্রেজিং):
- Restating someone else’s ideas in your own words → অন্যের ধারণা নিজের ভাষায় পুনর্ব্যক্ত করা
- Used in academic writing, research, and communication → একাডেমিক লেখায়, গবেষণায় ও যোগাযোগে ব্যবহৃত
Summarizing (সারাংশ লেখা):
- Condensing main ideas into fewer words → প্রধান ধারণাগুলো সংক্ষিপ্ত আকারে প্রকাশ করা
- Focus on key points only → শুধুমাত্র মূল বিষয়ে মনোযোগ দেওয়া
Example:
- Original: “Technology has changed the way we communicate, making it faster and more accessible.”
- Paraphrase: “Communication has become quicker and easier because of technological advances.”
- Summary: “Technology improved communication.”
2. Difference Between Paraphrasing & Summarizing (পার্থক্য)
| Feature | Paraphrasing | Summarizing |
|---|---|---|
| Length | Almost same as original | Much shorter than original |
| Focus | Rewording the whole idea | Highlighting only key points |
| Purpose | To clarify or explain | To give quick overview |
| Example | “He enjoys playing football on weekends.” → “On weekends, he likes to play football.” | “He likes football.” |
3. Techniques of Paraphrasing (প্যারাফ্রেজ করার কৌশল)
- Use synonyms (সমার্থক শব্দ ব্যবহার করুন)
- Original: “The teacher explained the lesson clearly.”
- Paraphrase: “The instructor gave a clear explanation of the lesson.”
- Change sentence structure (বাক্যের গঠন পরিবর্তন করুন)
- Original: “She studies English every evening.”
- Paraphrase: “Every evening, she spends time studying English.”
- Use different word forms (শব্দের ভিন্ন রূপ ব্যবহার করুন)
- Original: “Pollution is increasing rapidly.”
- Paraphrase: “There is a rapid increase in pollution.”
- Break long sentences (দীর্ঘ বাক্য ভাগ করুন)
- Original: “Although it was raining, they continued playing football because they enjoyed it.”
- Paraphrase: “It was raining. Still, they continued playing football since they enjoyed it.”
4. Techniques of Summarizing (সারাংশ লেখার কৌশল)
- Identify main ideas only (শুধু মূল ধারণা বাছাই করুন)
- Ignore examples and details (উদাহরণ ও বিস্তারিত বাদ দিন)
- Use short, simple sentences (ছোট ও সহজ বাক্য ব্যবহার করুন)
- Write in your own words (নিজের ভাষায় লিখুন)
Example:
- Original (Long): “Regular exercise improves physical health by strengthening the heart, reducing weight, and boosting energy levels. It also enhances mental health by reducing stress and improving mood.”
- Summary: “Exercise improves both physical and mental health.”
5. Useful Phrases for Paraphrasing & Summarizing (কার্যকর বাক্যাংশ)
| Purpose | English Phrase | Bangla Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Paraphrasing start | “In other words…” | “অন্যভাবে বললে…” |
| Introducing summary | “To sum up…” | “সংক্ষেপে বললে…” |
| Highlighting key point | “The main idea is that…” | “মূল ধারণা হলো…” |
| Clarifying | “This means that…” | “এর মানে হলো…” |
| Concluding | “In summary…” | “সারসংক্ষেপে…” |
6. Tips (পরামর্শ)
- Don’t copy exact words—use your own language → হুবহু কপি করবেন না, নিজের ভাষায় লিখুন।
- Keep meaning the same → অর্থ পরিবর্তন করবেন না।
- For summarizing, cut out details → সারাংশ লেখায় অপ্রয়োজনীয় তথ্য বাদ দিন।
- Practice with newspaper articles or essays → সংবাদপত্র বা প্রবন্ধ দিয়ে অনুশীলন করুন।
7. Practice Exercises (অনুশীলন)
- Paraphrasing:
Original: “Global warming is caused by the excessive release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.”
→ Rewrite in your own words. - Summarizing:
Original: “The internet has transformed education by providing access to online courses, digital libraries, and interactive learning platforms.”
→ Write one-sentence summary. - Take a short paragraph from a news article and paraphrase it.
- Take the same paragraph and summarize it in 2–3 sentences.
