Passive Voice (Active → Passive)

by Rich DeFion Posted on

 

Intermediate English Course: Passive Voice (Active → Passive)

Lesson Objectives (ক্লাসের লক্ষ্য)

  1. Active Voice এবং Passive Voice-এর পার্থক্য বোঝা।
  2. Active Voice থেকে Passive Voice তৈরি করা শেখা।
  3. বিভিন্ন tense-এ Passive Voice ব্যবহার অনুশীলন করা।

1. Active vs Passive Voice

Voice Example Bangla Meaning
Active The teacher teaches English. শিক্ষক ইংরেজি শেখান।
Passive English is taught by the teacher. ইংরেজি শিক্ষক দ্বারা শেখানো হয়।

Rule:

  • Object of active sentence becomes subject of passive sentence।
  • Verb form changes: be + past participle।
  • Subject of active sentence can be mentioned using by।

2. Formation of Passive Voice (Various Tenses)

Tense Active Passive
Present Simple She writes a letter. A letter is written by her.
Present Continuous She is writing a letter. A letter is being written by her.
Present Perfect She has written a letter. A letter has been written by her.
Past Simple She wrote a letter. A letter was written by her.
Past Continuous She was writing a letter. A letter was being written by her.
Past Perfect She had written a letter. A letter had been written by her.
Future Simple She will write a letter. A letter will be written by her.

Note:

  • If the doer (subject) is unknown or unimportant, by + subject can be omitted:
    • Active: People speak English all over the world.
    • Passive: English is spoken all over the world.

3. Rules for Passive Voice

  1. Object → Subject: The dog (object) → The dog (subject).
  2. Verb → Be + Past Participle: writes → is written
  3. Subject → By + Agent (optional): by the teacher
  4. Question Formation:
    • Active: Did she write a letter?
    • Passive: Was a letter written by her?
  5. Negation:
    • Active: She does not write letters.
    • Passive: Letters are not written by her.

4. Examples in Different Tenses

  1. Present Simple:
  • Active: He cleans the room.
  • Passive: The room is cleaned by him.
  1. Past Simple:
  • Active: They built a house.
  • Passive: A house was built by them.
  1. Present Continuous:
  • Active: She is painting the wall.
  • Passive: The wall is being painted by her.
  1. Future Simple:
  • Active: He will finish the work.
  • Passive: The work will be finished by him.
  1. Perfect Tense:
  • Active: She has completed the homework.
  • Passive: The homework has been completed by her.

5. Practice Sentences (চর্চার বাক্য)

  1. Active: The chef cooks food. → Passive: Food is cooked by the chef.
  2. Active: They will announce the results tomorrow. → Passive: The results will be announced tomorrow.
  3. Active: She wrote a letter yesterday. → Passive: A letter was written by her yesterday.
  4. Active: Someone has stolen my bag. → Passive: My bag has been stolen.
  5. Active: People speak English all over the world. → Passive: English is spoken all over the world.

6. Exercise (চর্চা)

  1. Convert these active sentences into passive:
  • The teacher explains the lesson.
  • She is reading a book.
  • They have completed the project.
  • He will repair the car.
  • People celebrate New Year everywhere.
  1. Convert these questions into passive:
  • Did she write the letter?
  • Is he cooking dinner?
  • Will they announce the winner?
  1. Translate into Bangla:
  • “The homework was done by the students.”
  • “English is spoken all over the world.”
  • “A cake is being baked by her.”

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