Intermediate English Course: Reported Speech (Indirect Speech)
Lesson Objectives (ক্লাসের লক্ষ্য)
- Direct speech এবং Reported speech-এর পার্থক্য বোঝা।
- Direct speech থেকে Indirect speech তৈরি করা শেখা।
- সময়, স্থান এবং pronoun পরিবর্তনের নিয়ম শেখা।
1. Direct Speech vs Reported Speech
| Type | Example | Bangla Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Direct Speech | She said, “I am tired.” | সে বলল, “আমি ক্লান্ত।” |
| Reported / Indirect Speech | She said that she was tired. | সে বলল যে সে ক্লান্ত। |
Rule:
- Quotation marks (“ ”) বাদ দিতে হয়।
- Pronoun পরিবর্তন করা লাগে।
- Tense সাধারণত একটি ধাপ পিছিয়ে যায়।
2. Tense Changes (কাল পরিবর্তন)
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| Present Simple → Past Simple | “I like apples.” → He said that he liked apples. |
| Present Continuous → Past Continuous | “I am reading.” → She said that she was reading. |
| Present Perfect → Past Perfect | “I have finished my work.” → He said that he had finished his work. |
| Past Simple → Past Perfect | “I went to school.” → She said that she had gone to school. |
| Future Simple → Conditional / would + verb | “I will help you.” → He said that he would help me. |
Note:
- General truths (সাধারণ সত্য) পরিবর্তন হয় না:
- “The sun rises in the east.” → He said that the sun rises in the east.
3. Pronoun Changes (সর্বনাম পরিবর্তন)
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| I → he / she | “I am happy.” → She said that she was happy. |
| You → I / we / they | “You are kind.” → He said that I was kind. |
| My → his / her | “My bag is new.” → She said that her bag was new. |
| Our → their | “Our school is big.” → They said that their school was big. |
4. Time and Place Changes (সময় ও স্থান পরিবর্তন)
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
|---|---|
| today → that day | “I am tired today.” → He said that he was tired that day. |
| tomorrow → the next day / the following day | “I will go tomorrow.” → He said that he would go the next day. |
| yesterday → the day before / the previous day | “I went there yesterday.” → He said that he had gone there the day before. |
| here → there | “I live here.” → She said that she lived there. |
| now → then | “I am busy now.” → He said that he was busy then. |
5. Reporting Questions (প্রশ্ন বলা)
Yes/No Questions:
- Direct: “Are you coming?”
- Reported: He asked if/whether I was coming.
Wh-Questions:
- Direct: “Where do you live?”
- Reported: He asked me where I lived.
Imperatives / Requests:
- Direct: “Please open the door.”
- Reported: He requested me to open the door.
6. Practice Sentences (চর্চার বাক্য)
- Direct: “I am learning English.” → Reported: She said that she was learning English.
- Direct: “We will visit the museum tomorrow.” → Reported: They said that they would visit the museum the next day.
- Direct: “Can you help me?” → Reported: He asked if I could help him.
- Direct: “Please sit down.” → Reported: He requested me to sit down.
- Direct: “The sun rises in the east.” → Reported: He said that the sun rises in the east.
7. Exercise (চর্চা)
- Convert these sentences into reported speech:
- “I have finished my homework.”
- “We are watching a movie.”
- “Will you come to the party?”
- “Please close the window.”
- “I like chocolate.”
- Convert the following questions into reported speech:
- “Where is your school?”
- “Do you like ice cream?”
- “When will they arrive?”
- Translate into Bangla:
- “He said that he was tired.”
- “She asked if I was ready.”
- “They said that they had completed the project.”