🧠 What are Modals? 👉 Modals are helping verbs used before the main verb: 📌 Structure: Subject + modal + base verb ✔ Example: You should study daily. 🟢 1. CAN / COULD (Ability & Possibility) ✔ CAN (present ability): I can speak English. ✔ COULD (past ability / polite): I could swim when I …
🧠 What are Gerund & Infinitive? ✔ Gerund = verb + ing 👉 acts like a noun Reading is useful. ✔ Infinitive = to + base verb I want to learn. 🟢 1. GERUND (verb + ing) 📌 Use after certain verbs: enjoy avoid finish suggest consider practice ✅ Examples: I enjoy reading. She avoids …
🧠 What is Passive Voice? 👉 Focus = action, not the person Compare: Active: The teacher teaches students. Passive: Students are taught (by the teacher). 🟢 Basic Structure (VERY IMPORTANT) 📌 Formula: Object + be (am/is/are/was/were) + past participle (V3) 👉 Examples: The work is done. The cake was made. 🔵 Passive in Different Tenses …
🧠 What is a Relative Clause? It gives extra information about a noun. 👉 Structure: Noun + relative word + extra info Relative words: who (people) which (things) that (people/things) where (place) when (time) 🟢 1. “WHO” (for people) ✅ Examples: The man who lives next door is a doctor. The student who studies hard …
🧠 What are Conditionals? They are “if sentences”: If something happens → something else happens 🟢 1. ZERO CONDITIONAL (Facts / Truth) 📌 Structure: If + present simple, present simple 📌 Use: General truths Scientific facts ✅ Examples: If you heat water, it boils. If people eat too much, they gain weight. 👉 IELTS use: …