Relative Clauses

🧠 What is a Relative Clause?

It gives extra information about a noun.

👉 Structure:
Noun + relative word + extra info

Relative words:

  • who (people)
  • which (things)
  • that (people/things)
  • where (place)
  • when (time)

đŸŸĸ 1. “WHO” (for people)

✅ Examples:

  • The man who lives next door is a doctor.
  • The student who studies hard will succeed.

đŸ”ĩ 2. “WHICH” (for things)

✅ Examples:

  • The book which I read was interesting.
  • The car which he bought is expensive.

🟡 3. “THAT” (people + things)

👉 More common in speaking

✅ Examples:

  • The girl that I met was friendly.
  • The movie that we watched was boring.

đŸŸŖ 4. “WHERE” (place)

✅ Examples:

  • This is the school where I studied.
  • I visited a city where people are very friendly.

🟠 5. “WHEN” (time)

✅ Examples:

  • I remember the day when I met him.
  • That was the year when I moved to Dhaka.

🔴 6. Defining vs Non-Defining (VERY IMPORTANT)

✔ Defining (important info → no comma)

  • The man who is wearing a hat is my uncle.

👉 Without clause → meaning incomplete

✔ Non-defining (extra info → use comma)

  • My uncle, who is wearing a hat, is here.

👉 Extra info only

đŸ”Ĩ IELTS Advantage

Instead of:

  • I met a man. He is very kind. ❌

✔ Better:

  • I met a man who is very kind.

👉 This = higher band score

❌ Common Mistakes (Bangladeshi Students)

1. Wrong relative word

  • The person which came ❌
    ✔ The person who came

2. Extra pronoun

  • The man who he is talking ❌
    ✔ The man who is talking

3. Missing relative word

  • The book I read was good ✔ (OK in speaking)
    But in writing, better:
  • The book that/which I read was good

4. Using “where” wrongly

  • The day where I met him ❌
    ✔ The day when I met him

đŸŽ¯ IELTS BAND 7+ TIP

Use relative clauses to:

  • Combine sentences
  • Avoid repetition
  • Show grammar range

🚀 Pro Trick (High Level)

Use “which” for ideas (Task 2):

  • Governments invest in education, which improves society.

👉 This is a Band 8 style sentence

 

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